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Whit Blauvelt's avatar

Bryan, It will be curious to compare your rejection of teleology with Jesper Hoffman's recognition, in Biosemiotics, of the necessary orientation of living systems to Peirce's conception of final causation, which differs from Aristotle's. There are long-standing arguments in philosophy against Aristotle's version. But Peirce's larger outlook is currently embraced by scientists as diverse as Rupert Sheldrake and Lee Smolin. Are you standing against Peirce and his heirs, or just taking the conventional stance against Aristotle's formulation?

As Hoffmeyer writes, "Living systems are anticipatory." The future, as held by our anticipations at many levels, is causal.

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